ASSESSMENT OF INTERVENTION STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON ASTHMA PATIENTS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING APPROACH

Abstract

Asthma is a long-term respiratory illness marked by airway inflammation and obstruction, and its severity is often worsened by environmental pollutants such as particulate matter, tobacco smoke. In this study, a deterministic compartmental model was formulated using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to examine and predict the progression and management of asthma in environments affected by pollution. The model categorizes the population into several health and exposure groups: susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I)—with subcategories for mild, moderate, and chronic conditions—recovered (R), and an environmental pollution class (P). The framework also integrates intervention strategies such as health education, pollution control policies, and medical treatment to evaluate their effectiveness in limiting disease spread. The basic reproduction number (Ro) was computed to identify the conditions under which asthma either persists or can be eliminated. The results demonstrated that elevated pollution levels, higher exposure rates, and inadequate interventions significantly increase asthma incidence.