SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/jnamp.vol71no.609Keywords:
Prevalence, Anemia, Spatial, Binary, Cumulative modelAbstract
Anemia is a global health problem that excessively affects women in reproductive age in low-and medium income countries among like Nigeria. The prevalence of anemia among women based on household characteristics and the geographical variations of these variables were considered. Data from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 for socio-economic status of the women was used from 15-49 years. The relationship between the covariates of different types and possible severity of anemia were modelled two models with spatial analysis. The results revealed that anaemia decreases with increasing education and increasing wealth index also reduces women with anemia. Women living in rural area are at higher risk of being anemic compare with those in urban area. Spatial analysis reveals states in Nigeria that are at highest risk of being anemic for both models. Improving living conditions as well as reducing poverty may contribute to improving the hemoglobin level of affected women.
Downloads
References
Alaofe, H., Burney, J. and Naylor, R. (2017). Prevalence of anemia, deficiencies of iron and vitamin A and their determinants in rural women and young children: A cross-sectional study in Kalalé of Northern Benin. Public Health Nutrition, 1203–1213.
Babalola, S. and Fatusi, A. (2009). Determinants of use of maternal health services in Nigeria: Looking beyond individual and household factors. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
Balarajan, Y., Fawzi, W. and Subramanian, S. (2013). Changing patterns of social inequalities in anemia among women in India: A cross-sectional study using nationally representative data. BMJ Open.
Bates, I., McKew, S. and Sankinfada, F. (2007). Anaemia: A useful indicator of neglected disease burden and control. PLoS Medicine, 4, 1285–1290.
Balarajan, Y., Ramakrishnan, U., Ozaltin, E., Shankar, A. H. and Subramanian, S. V. (2011). Anemia in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 2123–2135.
Elmardi, K. A., Adam, I., Malik, E. M., Abdelrahim, T. A., Elhag, M. S., Ibrahim, A. A. and Kremers, S. (2020). Prevalence and determinants of anemia in women of reproductive age in Sudan: Analysis of a cross-sectional household survey. BMC Public Health.
Fahrmeir, L. and Tutz, G. (2001). Multivariate Statistical Modelling Based on Generalised Linear Models. Springer, New York.
Fahrmeir, L. and Lang, S. (2001). Bayesian semiparametric regression analysis of multicategorical time-space data. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10–30.
Gautam, S., Min, H., Kim, H. and Jeong, H. S. (2019). Determining factors for the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age in Nepal: Evidence from recent national survey data. PLoS ONE.
Gayawan, E., Arogundade, E. D. and Adebayo, S. B. (2014). Possible determinants and spatial patterns of anaemia among young children in Nigeria: A Bayesian semi-parametric modelling approach. International Health, 35–45.
Jin, L., Yeung, L. F., Cogswell, M. E., Berry, R. J. and Liu, J. (2010). Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in South-East China, 1993–2005. Public Health Nutrition, 13, 1511–1518.
Kibret, K., Chojenta, C. and D’Arcy, E. (2018). Spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: A multilevel and spatial analysis. BMJ Open.
Kinyoki, D., Osgood-Zimmerman, A. E. and Bhattacharjee, N. V. (2021). Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018. Nature Medicine, 1761–1782.
Kuche, D., Singh, P. and Moges, D. (2015). Nutritional status and associated factors among pregnant women in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Food Science and Engineering.
Nair, M., Choudhury, M. K., Choudhury, S. S., Kakoty, S. D., Sarma, U. C. and Webster, P. (2016). Association between maternal anemia and pregnancy outcomes: A cohort study in Assam, India. BMJ Global Health.
National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] (2012). Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey 2010. Abuja, Nigeria: National Population Commission, National Malaria Control Programme and ICF International.
Ogbuabor, D. C., Ogbuabor, A. O. and Ghasi, N. (2022). Determinants of anaemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Women’s Health.
Ogunsakin, R., Akinyemi, O., Babalola, B. and Adetoro, G. (2021). Spatial pattern and determinants of anemia among women of childbearing age in Nigeria. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology.
Okoh, D. A., Iyalla, C., Omunakwe, H., Iwo-Anah, R. S. and Nwabuko, C. (2016). A retrospective study of the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy at booking in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
Tay, S., Nani, E. and Walana, W. (2017). Parasitic infections and maternal anemia among expectant mothers in the Dangme East District of Ghana. BMC Research Notes.
Ukibe, S. N., Ikeako, L. C., Mbanugo, J. I., Obi-Okaro, A. C. and Ukibe, N. R. (2013). Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research, 65–69.
Wemakor, A. (2019). Prevalence and determinants of anemia in pregnant women receiving antenatal care at a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2015). Global Prevalence of Anaemia in 2011. World Health Organization.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The Journals of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

